A patient was receiving mechanical ventilation with preserved spontaneous breathing (CPAP/ASB). Support of circulation via administration of noradrenalin 2.4 mg//h with an elevation of lactate level (2.1 mmol/l). Echocardiography was performed to assess potential fluid responsiveness.
Neither parasternal nor apical nor subcostal projection could be acquired due to the presence of artefacts caused by air.
Usually, the proximal part of inferior vena cava can be visualised below diaphragm across hepatic parenchyma at right intercostal scanning plane: